Metabolic Syndrome: A Group of Conditions That Occur Together

Metabolic syndrome is a group of five risk factors that can increase the likelihood of heart attack, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and other health problems. It is becoming increasingly common among adults; however, significant lifestyle changes can delay or even prevent the development of these conditions.

Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when a person has three or more of the following conditions:

• High blood sugar (hyperglycemia).

• Low levels of HDL cholesterol, commonly known as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove cholesterol from the arteries.

• High triglyceride levels, a type of fat found in the blood.

• A large waist circumference, sometimes described as an "apple-shaped" body or abdominal obesity. Excess fat around the waist is associated with a greater risk of heart disease than excess fat stored in other areas of the body.

• High blood pressure (hypertension). When blood pressure remains elevated over time, it can damage the heart and blood vessels.

Who Is at Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome?

Although some people may be naturally more susceptible to developing metabolic syndrome, lifestyle and other health factors can also play an important role. Factors that may increase the risk include:

• Obesity or being overweight, particularly excess fat around the abdomen.

• A sedentary lifestyle.

• Insulin resistance, including conditions such as diabetes or hyperinsulinemia.

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

• Race and ethnicity. In the United States, prevalence varies among racial and ethnic groups, with Mexican American adults among the populations with higher reported rates.

• Age. The risk of metabolic syndrome increases with age.

• Chronic inflammation in the body.

• Family history and genetics. Genetic factors may contribute to an increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome across generations.

What Treatments Are Available for Metabolic Syndrome?

Because metabolic syndrome involves several interconnected health conditions, treatment begins by addressing the underlying risk factors. If a patient has diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure, medical care is essential to properly manage these conditions.

Adopting a healthier lifestyle is also a fundamental part of preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. Recommended changes may include:

• Improve your diet. Choose a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, skinless poultry, fish, nuts, lean meats, and plant-based proteins. Limit processed foods, saturated and trans fats, red meat, sodium, and added sugars.

• Quit smoking or avoid starting.

• Stay physically active. Begin with at least 10 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity each day and gradually increase your activity level. Walking can be an easy way to get started.

• Achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Combine balanced nutrition with regular physical activity to support sustainable weight management.

• Work with your healthcare team to monitor and manage blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure.

• Seek multidisciplinary support. A registered dietitian can help you develop healthier eating habits, while a psychologist can provide support to improve adherence to nutritional and lifestyle changes.

Where Can Metabolic Syndrome Be Treated?

Through years of clinical experience and continued professional training, the specialists at Revenant Clinic have developed a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to patient care. This integrated approach allows our medical team to provide specialized support for patients with complex diagnoses or conditions that may require hospital-based care.